作者：张梦华
主谓一致是历年高考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例,对此考点作以归纳。
一、当主语后面与with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
2. A library with five thousand books ________ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
4. Nobody but Jane ________ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
5. All but one ________ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
二、当 either ... or ...; neither ... nor...;not only... but also...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。
6. Either you or the headmaster ________ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. was handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out
7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
三、 当"the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句",且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当"one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句",且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
8. He is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
9. She is one of the few girls who ________ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying well
四、当news, means, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
10. Every possible means ________ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used
五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。
11. ________ of the land in that district ________ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
六、the number of...(......的数目)短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;当a number of...(许多......)短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
12. The number of people invited ________fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
七、当"疑问词 + 不定式"结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
13. When and where to build the new factory ________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
以上仅从七个方面归纳了主谓一致的特殊情况,但在实际学习中还不止这些,希望同学们在以后的学习中对此多加留意,以不断丰富、充实其内容,为未来高考做好准备。
参考答案: 1-5 AAABD 6-10 DBDBC 11-13 CCA